How To Plant Garden Peas At Home
Botanical Name : Pisum sativum var. hortense
Family : Fabaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 14
Pea (Pisum sativum variety Hotense) is a major vegetable crop. It is grown on a large scale all over the world. It is a cold season crop. It is grown on a large scale especially in temperate regions. But it is restricted to growing in winter season in high places of tropical climate and subtropical regions. Vegetable pea contains 25% protein, amino acids and sugar (12%). Its vegetable is eaten in all seasons. Vegetable pea is cultivated especially in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka and 67 percent of the total production of vegetable pea is obtained from these states. Pea is also exported to foreign countries, which earns foreign currency.
(Nutrition Value Of Garden Pea per 100 grams of food)
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Moisture :
72.00 g Fat :
0.10 g Fibre : 4.00 g Protein :
7.20 g Minerals : 0.80 g Other Carbohydrates : 15.80 g Magnesium : 34.00 mg Thiamine : 25: 0.80 mg Iron : 1.50 mg Phosphorus :
139.0 mg Sodium : 7.80 mg Copper : 0.23 mg
Riboflavin : 0.01 mg Calcium : 20.00 mg Oxalic Acid
: 14.00 mg Potassium : 79.00 mg
gm Sulfur : 95.00 mg Vitamin C : 9.00 mg Vitamin A : 139.00 IU Calories : 93.00
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How To Plant Garden Pea Seeds
Climate- Vegetable pea is grown in different seasons under different agro-climatic conditions and different agricultural practices. Cold and dry climate is required for pea production, long cold wave increases its yield. 15-25°C temperature is considered suitable for pea cultivation. This is the reason why it is cultivated in winters in the plains of northern and central India and in summers in the mountainous regions. Pea crop is affected by frost, yet it tolerates more frost than poppy and cucumber vegetable crops. In the initial stage of growth, the crop has the ability to tolerate some frost, but it has an adverse effect on the flowers and pods. Due to increase in humidity in the atmosphere, the infestation of a disease called powdery mildew and pests increases.
Soil- Pea can be grown in different types of soils. Such as sandy loam to clay soil. For successful production of peas, soils with proper drainage are required. Peas cannot grow in acidic soils. Saline and alkaline soils are considered to be obstacles in its successful production. The pH value for peas is considered to be 60-7.5. If the pH value is less than 6, then adding lime to it improves the condition of the soil.
Improved Varieties - The characteristics of the main varieties of vegetable peas are mentioned below-
Arkel - This is a European variety. It is a very popular and widely grown variety. The plants of this variety are dwarf, which grow up to 50 cm in height, on the sixth node of which attractive green pods grow. The pods are long sickle shaped. 7-8 green grains are found in each pod. This variety gets ready in 60-65 days. About 100 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. 15 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. The grains of this variety are shrunken and the weight of 100 grains is 17 grams. Since it is an early variety, it is saved from the disease of powdery mildew. If it is sown late, it gets attacked by powdery mildew. Sowing of this variety can also be done at the end of December. Bonneville - This is a variety brought from America. Plants of this variety grow up to 60-70 cm height. Pods start forming from the 13th node. Pods are round, containing 8-10 green and thick grains. This variety is ready in 135 days. Seeds of this variety are shrunken and of medium size. The weight of 100 grains is 18 grams. 100 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. 10 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. This variety is affected by a disease called powdery mildew. Harbhajan - This is an extra early variety which is ready in 100 days. Its small beans are produced from the fifth node. Pods are ready for the first picking after 50 days of sowing. Each pod contains 3-4 grains. 30-40 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. 6-7 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. The grains of this variety are yellow, round, medium sized. The weight of 100 grains is 12 grams. Jawahar Matar 1 (Type 19 x Greater Progress) – This is a dwarf variety which grows up to 60 cm. Its beans start forming from the 11th node. This variety is ready in 130-135 days. Each pod has 8-10 green sweet grains. Its beans are straight, large and attractive. 110 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. The grains of this variety are green, shrunken and the weight of 100 grains is 18 grams. 11 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. Jawahar Matar 2 (GC 477) – This is a variety with large beans. Its pods are sickle shaped and pods start appearing from the 12th node. Each pod contains 8-10 grains. The grains are green and shriveled. The weight of 100 grains is 17 grams. 100 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare while the seed yield is 10 quintals per hectare. This is a variety affected by powdery mildew. Jawahar Matar 3 (Early December) - Plants of this variety grow 50-60 cm tall and pods start appearing from the sixth node. The pods are round, small and green. This variety gets ready in 90-95 days due to which this variety is saved from the disease called powdery mildew. Its grains are green, shriveled and of medium size. The weight of 100 grains is 18 grams. 50 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. Jawahar Matar 4 (GC 195) – Plants of this variety grow up to 60 cm in height. Pods start appearing from the eighth node. Pods are of medium size, round and flat. Each pod contains 4-5 green and sweet grains. Nearly 80 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. The crop is ready in 125 days. 8 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. Jawahar Matar 5 – Plants of this variety grow up to 1 meter in height. The crop of this variety is ready in 130-140 days. Its beans are of medium size, round and green. Each pod contains 5 sweet grains. 110 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. 12 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. The stems of this variety are shrunken. This variety is resistant to powdery mildew. Jawahar Matar 83 - This is a straight growing variety which grows up to 50 cm in height. This variety starts giving pods from the 13th node. The pods are large in size and each pod contains 8 sweet green grains. The crop is ready in 125-130 days. 125-130 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. 13-16 quintals of seeds are obtained per hectare. The grains of this variety are shrunken yellow and medium sized. The weight of 100 grains is 17 grams. This variety is resistant to the disease called powdery mildew.
How To Grow Garden Peas
J.P. 4 (J.A.A. 6) - This variety is ready in 120 days. Its pods are of medium size which contain 6 large round green grains. 50 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. In the plants of this variety, beans start appearing from the 10th node. 15 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. Its grains are yellow, round and small. The weight of 100 grains is 12 grams.
J.P. 19 - This is such a variety of peas which is used without pods. Green beans have this quality because they do not have sclerenchymatous tissue. This is a medium-season pea variety. Plants of this variety grow straight and are dwarf. Its pods start appearing from the 13th node. The beans are green and long. Its pods can be used like French beans. 100-110 quintals of green pods are obtained per hectare. 9 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. The grains are round and yellow. The weight of 100 grains is 16 grams. Each pod contains 6-7 green sweet grains. Agata Matar 6 – This is a dwarf, fast growing early variety. Its pods are ready for first picking within seven weeks of sowing. Pods are long, 12-15, and are plucked singly. More than 50 percent of the total green pods can be plucked in the first time itself. Pantnagar Matar 2 – This is a dwarf variety. In which pods start appearing from the 8th week. 5-6 green and sweet grains are found in each pod. 50 quintals of green pods are obtained per hectare. The crop is ready in 110 days. 5 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. The grains are green, shrunken and of medium size. The weight of 100 grains is 16 grams. This variety is affected by powdery mildew. Pant Uphaar (IP 3) – The plants of this variety grow up to 60-70 cm and the pods start forming from the 11th node. The pods are of medium size. In which 6-8 sweet grains are found. 70-80 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. The crop is ready in 110 days. The grains are shrunken, green and of medium size. The weight of 100 grains is 15 grams. About 1 quintal of grains are obtained per hectare. This variety is affected by powdery mildew. P 88 – The plants of this variety are of medium height. Pods start appearing on them from the 13th node. The crop is ready in 120 days. Each pod has 6-7 sweet grains and up to 90 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. Up to 8-9 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. The grains are shrunken and green in colour. The weight of 100 grains is 16 grams. This variety is badly affected by powdery mildew. PRS 4 – Plants of this variety grow up to medium height. Pods start appearing on them from the 13th node. The beans are of medium size. In which 6-7 grains are found. Up to 110 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. This variety is ready in 120 days. The grains are shrunken and medium in size. The weight of 100 grains is 17 grams. 11 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. This variety is generally resistant to powdery mildew. VL3 - Plants of this variety grow 60-70 cm tall. On which the pods start appearing from the 14th node. Its pods are of medium size. Each pod contains 6-7 medium sized grains. The crop is ready in 120 days. 90-100 quintals of green pods are obtained per hectare. The grains of this variety are shrunken, green and medium sized. The weight of 100 grains is 18 grams. 9 quintals of grains are obtained per hectare. This variety is affected by a disease called powdery mildew. Hisar Harit - The pods become pluckable about 60 days after sowing the seeds. One or two pods have been observed at one place. The pods are long and green in colour. This variety gives 34.24 percent more yield than Arkel.
How To Grow Garden Peas From Seed
Preparation of land - First plough the land with a soil turning plough. After this, plough 2-3 times with a harrow or a local plough. After every ploughing, do a levelling so that the soil becomes soft. For crop protection from underground pests, add 5% Aldrin dust 25 kg per hectare at the time of final ploughing. Manure and fertilizer - Since pea is a legume crop, it accumulates atmospheric nitrogen in the soil through the nodules of the root. Hence, less quantity of this nitrogen is required. There should be more quantity of organic matter in the soil. Hence, while preparing the land, 20-25 tonnes of cow dung manure or compost should be added per hectare. Phosphorous fertilizers increase the yield and quality of beans. It is recommended to give 20 kg nitrogen and 40 kg phosphorus per hectare at the time of land preparation. For which 1 quintal DAP or 50 kg urea + 3 quintal super phosphate should be added. If there is a deficiency of potash in the soil, then 50 kg prima potash should also be added per hectare. 10 kg nitrogen should be added as top dressing after harvesting beans at the rate of per hectare. 50 kg muriate of potash should also be added at the time of soil preparation to compensate for the deficiency of potash in the soil. Using DAP for a long time causes deficiency of sulphur in the soil. Giving urea + single super phosphate is a good fertilizer combination. Deficiency of sulphur can also be overcome by gypsum or pyrites. According to Sharma and Johri (1979), spraying 0.1% ammonium molybdate on plants increases the number of root nodules, length, diameter, sugar value and dry weight of pods. 333 how to grow garden peas from seed Sowing - Pea is a crop grown in Rabi season. In the plains of northern India, early varieties are sown in September-October, while the main crop is sown from the first week of October to the second week of November. In the mountainous regions, peas are sown during March to May. To get a rich yield of peas, healthy, fully matured and pure seeds should be taken for sowing. For early crop, approximately 80-100 kg of seeds are sufficient for one hectare. While 50-75 kg is sufficient for the main crop. The seeds should be treated with a fungicide before sowing. Thiram (3 g/kg seed), Captan (2.5 g/kg seed), Bavistin (2 g/kg seed) and Thiram + Bavistin (2 g + 1 g/kg seed) are recommended for seed treatment. Thiram is a contact fungicide, which is effective for 5-6 days, while Bavistin is a systemic fungicide which is effective for 20 days. Seeds should be mixed well with the required fungicide. The treated seeds should be sown with the help of local machine or seed drill. Seeds should be sown 2-3 cm deep in the soil. Sowing can also be done by making rows at a distance of 30 cm. But this method is suitable for sowing peas in the home garden. The distance between the plants should be kept 10 cm. Sowing is done on both sides of the raised beds. Usually the beds are 120-150 cm wide. There are irrigation channels between two beds. Seeds are usually sown 2 cm deep. Irrigation and drainage - Peas require relatively less water. Pre-sowing irrigation is very necessary for proper germination in dry soils. Irrigation requirement in peas depends on the nature of the soil and winter rainfall. Usually 2-3 irrigations are sufficient for mid-season and late-season pea crop. If the soil is light and shallow, then the number of irrigations will be more in that case. Due to lack of water, the growth of plants is reduced. Also, the formation of mantis in the plants is also less. If due to any reason water stagnates in the pea field, the crop turns yellow, which reduces the yield of the crop. More block irrigation is used in peas, whereas sprinkler irrigation is the best system for it. Lack of moisture is extremely harmful during the flowering and grain filling stages, causing severe reduction in yield.
Weed control - Many weeds grow with the pea crop; which damage the crop in various ways. This happens because it is grown at a considerable distance to facilitate the plucking of pods and besides this, the initial growth of peas is slow. Usually, weeding 1-2 times is sufficient.
Use of herbicides is best to control pea weeds. For controlling this weed, 1-15 kg of Basalin, Stomp and Butachlor can be used. It should be dissolved in 1000 liters of water and sprayed immediately after sowing.
How Do You Grow Garden Peas
Crop protection
Insects
Pea aphid - These are very small green insects. They suck the juice of leaves and soft branches. This insect attacks in January. These insects also help in spreading virus disease.
Control - To control this insect, spray 0.1% solution of Malathion 50 EC or 2 CC Metasystox per liter of water at an interval of 15 days.
Pea weevil - The female of this insect lays eggs on the pods. The larvae that emerge from them damage the pods by making holes in them.
Control - To control this insect, 0.2% Sevin solution should be sprayed.
Pod borer - In some parts of the country, the infestation of this insect is very severe. This insect first eats the surface of the pod. Then it enters the pod by making holes and eats the grains. Due to which there is a huge reduction in the yield.
Control - Spray 0.2% solution (1.5 ml / liter of water) of Endosulfan 35 EC.
Leaf miner - This insect makes tunnels in the leaves and eats the chlorophyll. White stripes appear on the leaves. This hinders the leaves from producing food.
Control - Spray 0.04% solution of Monocrotophos 365 WEC.
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