How Do You Grow Runner Beans At Home

 

How Do You Grow Runner Beans At Home

Hyacinth Bean or Indian Bean

Botanical Name : Dolichus lablab

Family : Fabaceae 

Chromosome No. : 2n = 22, 24 

                                                                       

               

Beans have a prominent place among the bean class vegetables. Beans are grown both for vegetable and dry use. Its vines are cut and fed to animals. Pickle is made from its green beans for which a variety called Kalyanpur No. 2 has been found suitable. For vegetable, it is produced in the fields and home gardens near the city. Beans are mainly grown in Northern India, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. 

History and Origin - Probably the birthplace of beans is India because its wild species are found growing here and there. Chaudhary (1967). It is estimated that from India it entered China, Western Asia and Egypt. In western countries, beans are called Bonavist.

Nutritive value - The food value of beans is shown in the table-

                                                (Nutrition Value of Bean per 100 gm) 

Moisture                            : 36.1 g Fat                                      : 0.7 g Fiber                                  : 1.8 g Protein                              : 3.8 g Minerals                           : 0.9 g Other Carbohydrates     : 6.7 g Magnesium                      : 34.0 mg Calcium                           : 210.0 g Phosphorus                     : 68.0 mg Sodium                            : 52.40 mg Copper                            : 0.13 mg Riboflavin                       : 0.06 mg Oxalic Acid                     : 1.00 mg Iron                                 : 1.70 mg Potassium                       : 74.00 mg Sulfur                             : 40.00 mg Thiamine                        : 0.14 mg. Nicotinic acid                 : 0.70 mg Vitamin C                      : 9.00 mg Vitamin A                      : 312.00 IU Calories                         :48.00

   How To Grow Beans

Climate - Short days and somewhat cold weather are suitable for getting a good yield of beans. This crop has absolutely no ability to bear frost, although some varieties of beans have the ability to bear drought.

Soil - For successful cultivation of beans, loamy soil with proper drainage is the best. However, it can also be grown in sandy to clayey soil. Soil with pH value of 5.3-6.0 is very suitable for its cultivation. Highly alkaline or acidic soils are considered to be obstacles in its successful production.

Manure and Fertilizers - Beans are a legume crop. It has a special ability to collect atmospheric nitrogen in the soil with the help of root nodules. Hence, it does not require much nitrogen. It is best if manure and fertilizers are used after soil testing. If for some reason the soil testing is not possible, then at the time of field preparation, mix cow dung manure or compost in the soil at the rate of 15 tonnes per hectare. Apart from this, add 20 kg nitrogen, 40-60 kg phosphorus and 40-50 kg potash per hectare at the time of final ploughing and mix it well in the soil.

Improved Varieties

Botanically, beans are divided into the following two main parts—

1. First class beans, Dolichos lablab var. lignosus It is also called field bean. Varieties of this class are grown for fodder and seeds.

2. Second class beans, Dolichos lablab variety typicus (Dolichos lablab var. typicus) It is also called garden beans. Varieties of this class are grown for vegetables. A brief description of the main improved varieties grown for vegetables is given below-

Pusa Early Prolific - This is an early variety. The beans of this variety are thin, long and soft. The beans are in large numbers and grow in bunches. The specialty of this variety is that it can be grown in both spring and rainy seasons.

H.D.1 - This variety has been developed by Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. This is an early variety. The beans are of medium size and green in colour. 125 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare. H.D. 18 - This variety has been developed by Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Pods grow in bunches and each bunch contains 8-12 beans. Pods are long, thick and bow shaped and are green in colour. A delicious vegetable is made from these beans.

Rajni - This variety has been developed by Chandra Shekhar Azad Agricultural and Technology University, Kanpur. Pods are green and grow in bunches. Each bunch contains 8-12 beans. Each pod contains 5-7 seeds. Seeds are raised, long (12-14 cm), less broad (1.0-1.2 cm). 140-150 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare.

H. A. 3 - This variety has been developed by Agricultural Science University Hebbal, Bangalore (Karnataka). This is an early variety, in which flowers start blooming after about 45 days. The plant is bush-like. Its pods are small, flat and dark green in colour.

D. B. 1 - This variety has been developed by Punjab Rao Agricultural University Akola (Maharashtra). It starts producing pods 150 days after sowing. The pods are flat, long and white. It produces about 200 quintals of green pods per hectare.

D. B. 18 - This variety has been developed by Punjab Rao Agricultural University Akola. The crop is ready in 125 days. This variety is ready 25 days earlier than D. B. 1. J. D. L 53 – This is an early variety in which flowers start blooming in 60-65 days and harvesting of pods starts in 90 days.

   Tips On Growing Green Beans From Seeds

J. D. L 85 – This is also an early variety from which pods start coming after 90 days. Due to early arrival of pods, their market price is good.

Medium and late maturing varieties are mentioned in the table—

  

S. No.	Variety	Days to flowering	First picking of pods	length of pods (cm)	width of pods (cm)	Seed colour	Yield per hectare (quintal)	Characteristics and pod colour
1.	JDL-3	111	140	10.0	5.75	Mid purple	146	Dark Green
2.	2. JDL-43	113	139	12.0	4.21	White Black	161	Dark purple
3.	JDL  L-71	111	144	29.0	3.18	White Almond	147	White, for pickle
4.	JD-114 L-77	138	16.0	2.21		Medium Black	127	Dark Green
5.	JD-138 L-79	138	12.0	12.0		White Black	156	White, for pickle
6.	JD-119 L-139	138	12-0	3.04		Dark Black	158	Dark Purple

   How Do You Grow Bush Green Beans From Seed

 Latest Varieties.

Pusa Bean 3 (Selection-15): Pods are green, soft, flat, about 15-16 cm long, 9-10 beans per bunch, fiberless, ready for first harvesting in 115-120 days, less affected in the field by virus disease, Champa, Jassid, yield 170 quintals per hectare.

Pusa Bean-2 (Selection-12): Pods are dark green in colour, very soft, somewhat round in shape, ready for first harvesting in 120-125 days, fiberless, less affected by virus disease, Champa, Jassid, pod borer insects and frost. Yield 130 quintals per hectare.

Kalyanpur Type-1 - This is an early maturing variety, its grain is of medium size, it is an excellent variety for vegetables. Its average yield is 140-150 quintals per hectare.

Kalyanpur Type-2 – The length of its vine is 4-5 meters. Fruits and flowers grow in bunches. 160-165 quintals of yield is obtained per hectare.

Other Important Varieties – Jawahar Bean 37, 53, 79, 85 Arka Jai and Arka Vijay are improved and useful varieties.

Seed and Sowing

Sowing beans in pots - Mix manure and soil and fill the pots. Sow 2-3 seeds at a depth of 2-3 cm in a pot and irrigate lightly. When the plants grow to be about 15 cm tall, keep only one plant in a pot. It is beneficial to support the plant and make it stand and this yields more beans.

Time of Sowing – Bean crop is sown twice a year; i.e. 1. February-March and 2. June-July. A variety called Rajni can be sown till the end of August.

Seed Rate – The quantity of bean seed depends on whether it is being grown as a pure crop or a mixed crop. For a pure crop alone, 5-7 kg of seeds are required per hectare, whereas for a mixed crop, 2-3 kg of seeds are sufficient.

Method of Sowing - Make 1.5 meter wide beds in the prepared field. Sow seeds 2-3 cm deep at a distance of about 50-60 cm on both sides of them. Sow 2-3 seeds at one place. When the plants grow about 15 cm high, leave only one plant at one place. It is beneficial to support the plant and make it climb.

Irrigation & Drainage

The need for irrigation in the bean crop depends on the type of soil and the season in which it is being grown. Sandy soil requires more irrigation than loamy soil. Kharif season crops generally do not require irrigation. If there is no rain for a long time, irrigation should be done as per requirement. In the spring crop, irrigation should be done at an interval of 7-8 days.

In the rainy season, sometimes due to excessive rain, excess water gets collected in the field. Hence, in the Kharif crop, proper arrangement of water drainage should be made in the field.

    How To Make A Bean In A Cup Grow Fast Overnight

Staking the vines

For the purpose of proper growth of bean vines and getting more yield, it is very important to support them. If the vines are not supported, then the beans are of small size, bad color and in less quantity. Hence, to get beans of proper size and proper color, the vines should be supported. For providing support, bamboo or sticks are buried in the field and a net-like structure of rope is made on them.

Plant Protection

Weed Control

Many weeds grow along with the bean crop which compete with the crop for elements, moisture, sunlight, air etc. Therefore, weeds should be removed from the field from time to time by weeding. Usually weeding is required 2-3 times.

Insect Control

Pod borer - This insect makes holes in the pods and eats the soft part.

To prevent this insect, spray 0.2 percent Sevin 50 percent powder. Do not cook vegetable from beans for 10-12 days after spraying the medicine.

Aphid - These are small light green insects which suck juice from different parts of the plant.

To control this pest, mix 625 ml of Malathion 50 EC in 625 liters of water and spray it at the rate of per hectare.

Bean beetle - The adult of this insect is copper colored. The body cover is hard and has 16 marks on it. This insect eats the soft parts of the plant.

To control this pest, mix 625 ml of Malathion 50 EC in 625 liters of water and spray it at the rate of per hectare.

How Do You Grow Runner Beans At Home

Disease control

Powdery mildew - This is a fungal disease caused by a fungus called Labelula taurica and Macrospora. Apart from the root, this fungus affects every part of the plant. Symptoms of the disease appear in the form of white powdery spots on the stems, leaves and pods. The leaves turn yellow and die. Pods either do not form at all or if they form, they are very small. The disease usually affects late varieties more because the weather is more favorable at this time.

The following measures should be taken to prevent this disease -

- The field should be kept free from weeds and other hosts should be destroyed.

- As soon as the symptoms of the disease appear, sulphur powder should be sprinkled at the rate of 27-33 kg per hectare at an interval of 10-15 days or 1 kg of soluble sulphur should be dissolved in 500 liters of water and sprayed.

Anthracnose - This disease is caused by a fungus called "Colletotrichum lindmuthianum". The first symptom of the disease appears in the form of small spots on the seed peduncles. Small and water-soaked spots are also formed on the stems, leaves, petioles and pods in the beginning. Which later grow and turn into round spots of different sizes. The spots are sunken dark brown to red in colour. The leaves of the diseased plants wither and fall. Plants with weak stems also fall. In the diseased plants, sunken yellow to brown spots are formed on the beans too. The disease is more prevalent in less cold and more humid days or in the days of the year.

The following measures should be taken to prevent this disease-

- Disease free seeds should be sown.

- Before sowing the seeds should be treated with 0.125% Cerasan or Captan (2 gm per kg of seeds).

- Spray 0.1% Bavistin on the diseased crop.

- Follow proper crop rotation.

Harvesting of beans

Harvesting of beans depends on the time of sowing. The beans of the crop sown in June-July become ready for harvesting in January-February and beans of the crop sown in February-March start getting harvested in July-August. The beans should be harvested in tender state when they are fully developed. The market price of beans decreases if the fiber content is more.

Yield

The yield of beans depends a lot on the variety grown, fertility of the soil and crop management. 100-125 quintals of green beans are obtained per hectare from improved varieties.

Seed Production

Self-pollination occurs in the bean crop. Hence, an isolation distance of only 25 meters is sufficient for seed production. It is sufficient to remove unwanted plants from the bean seed crop 2-3 times. It is very important to control all the pests and diseases affecting the crop at the right time. After the beans are completely dried, the seeds should be removed by threshing them. After removing the seeds, they must be dried to a minimum of 9 percent moisture content.