Rose Planting Tips for Beginners

 

Rose Planting Tips for Beginners

Rose has a special and important place in the flower world. America celebrated 1979 as the 'Year of Rose', the main objective of which was to generate more interest in roses among the general public and to train them to grow it. Rose is the national flower of England. Europeans call it the 'Queen of flowers', while in India, rose is decorated with the title of 'Pushup Raj'. Rose has the first place among flowers in terms of beauty and fragrance. The history of rose is considered to be the oldest among all other trees and plants in the history of the world. If the story of Adam and Eve is believed to be true, then the fragrance of rose on the earth is 60 million years old. A decorated garden is considered incomplete without roses, which means that now rose has become an integral part of decorated gardens. Rose is considered to be a symbol of love, friendship and peace. 

Rose originated from the Northern Hemisphere. According to Dr. Julius Huffman, "Rose entered Europe from India and Persia." It has been cultivated in the world since ancient times. It is grown in small and big gardens, courtyards of houses, in pots on the roof, etc. It is believed that a single rose plant makes the environment charming with its flowers. It attracts butterflies, bumblebees and honeybees. Apart from America, rose is also grown in countries like England, India, France, Israel, etc. Rose is the national flower of England.

Rose is an ornamental shrub of the Rosaceae family, whose flowers are very beautiful Pentamerous, whose receptacle is tubular, which sometimes also produces brightly colored pulpy fruits, which are called 'hip' or 'hep'. Most roses have thorns, but five such plants have been found in the Bangalore garden which do not have thorns, which are being used for research work.

The use of roses as designs on home decoration, fashion, building construction, sculpture, literary paintings, ceramic utensils, neckties, sheets, quilts, curtains etc. has been prevalent for a long time. Rose plants are grown for wall covering, construction of arches, arbors, pergolas etc., for enhancing the beauty of flower beds, for making ornamental hedges, edging etc. The use of roses for exhibitions is gradually increasing in cities and big towns. Rose gardens are also being established in big cities, which earns foreign currency. About 2000 quintals of flowers are exported to Middle East countries every week. The rose variety 'Gladiator' accounts for almost half of the exported rose varieties. This variety can be grown well in the field and is in high demand in the market.

How to Prepare for Planting Roses

Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi had earlier recommended export of flowers of three varieties namely 'Super Star', 'Happy Ness' and 'Queen Elizabeth', but recently the demand for these varieties has changed and new varieties such as 'Sonia Mailand', 'Ilona', 'Golden Times', 'Red Success', 'Monteria', 'Belinda' etc. have taken their place and their demand has also increased. ICAR has developed two such varieties of roses namely Arjun (pink flower), Raktgandha (red flower). In these varieties, flowers are produced on long stems of the plant and they have been found suitable for cut flowers. Recently another new variety of rose has been developed which has been named 'Priyadarshini'. 

Renowned rose scientist Padma Vibhushan Dr. B.P. Pal has produced a fragrant white rose (HT) named 'Rajhans'. Dr. Y.K. Hande has developed a purple variety. The flowers bloom in large numbers.

Rose is also cultivated for making 'Rose Water', 'Rose Oil', 'Perfume' and 'Rose Petals'. Rose oil is sold for up to Rs 1 lakh per kilogram. To fulfill this purpose, rose is cultivated in about 600 hectares in Uttar Pradesh, especially in Hathras, Sikandra Rao, Aligarh, Ghazipur, Kannauj, Chennai and Haldighati in Rajasthan. It is hoped that rose cultivation will be done in more area in future.

Types of Roses

The modern rose has been created by scientists by combining Chinese rose (Rosa chinensis) and European rose (Rosa gigantea, R. damascena & Rosa moschata) varieties. This is a very notable and important work in the history of rose varieties. Rosa moschata is also known as "Musk Rose" which is found growing wild in the Himalayan region. Many varieties of roses have been developed by combining Chinese and European roses, among which Bourbon, Portland, Noisette and Hybrid perpetual are prominent, which have been grown in gardens.

The foundation of modern roses was laid in the 18th century when Guillot (1867) developed a variety of very attractive and colourful varieties of Hybrid Tea Rose, La France, Hybrid Perpetual and Chinese Tea Rose to form the first Yellow Pernet Rose.

During the 19th century, Dwarf Polyanthas were developed by crossing Chinese rose varieties (Rosa multiflora) and (R. chinensis), which are now called Floribundas. In 1924, Polson developed a cross between Dwarf Polyanthas and Hybrid Tea. The cross between Floribundas and Hybrid Tea produced very beautiful flowers which resemble the flowers called Floribundas and Hybrid Tea. These varieties are called 'Grandiflora'.

The Rambler rose was developed by crossing the Rambling variety (R. wichuriana) with Rosa multiflora and Hybrid Tea.

The Miniature rose was developed by crossing Rosa Lwrenciana and Rosa Rauleti.

Varieties

There are more than 20,000 varieties of roses available in the world. 600 varieties are available in the rose garden of Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangalore (Karnataka). Some varieties of roses are being grown in India for a long time, which are known as 'indigenous variety' roses. Their propagation can be done by cutting. This variety keeps flowering throughout the year. The flowers are red, white and dark red in colour, which provide fragrance.

The second type of roses are of 'hybrid variety'. Earlier they were developed by the scientists of European countries by hybridization of different varieties, but now such varieties are also being developed by Indian scientists.

Rose varieties are divided into the following five classes -

1. Hybrid Teas - Plants of this class are bushy, tall and spreading. Their specialty is that one flower comes out on each branch, which is very beautiful. However, there are some varieties in which flowers bloom in small groups. Sometimes the plants die in case of heavy frost. The main varieties of this class are - Ambassador, American Pride, Burgundy, Ubal Delight, Friendsip etc.

2. Floribundas - The flowers of the varieties coming in this class are smaller than the 'Hybrid Tea' varieties and flowers bloom in more numbers. The main varieties of this class are - Jambra, Arabian, Nitus, Ramba Varg, Chariya, Iceberg, First Edison, Lahar, Banjaran, Jantar-Mantar, Sadabahar, Prema and Arunima etc.

3. Polyantha - The size of the plants and flowers of the varieties coming in this class is smaller than Hybrid Tea and Floribunda classes. But the bunch is bigger in size than the Floribunda category. For example, Chattilon and Eco etc. are small, which grow in bunches. There are many flowers in a bunch.

4. Miniature - The varieties coming in this category are also known as baby roses, mini roses or Laghu Gulab. The plants are small, whose leaves and flowers are both small. They can be easily grown in pots or in the flower beds in front of the windows. Its main varieties are Crikey, Lollipop, Natkhat, Mixi etc.

5. Climbing Roses - In this category, the branches of some hybrid tea and floribunda roses grow like creepers, due to which they are called 'Climbing Roses'. The flowers on these creepers present a very beautiful sight.

Its main varieties are – Casino, Prosperity, Marshall Neel, Climbing, Evergreen, Coat Tail etc.

Generally, rose varieties can be divided into the following three parts-

Rose Bush Planting Tips

(1) Imported Varieties

(A) Hybrid Tea -

1. American Heritage

2. Anvil sparks

3. Blue Moon

4. Appollo

5. Christian Dior

6. Canary

7. Double Delight

8. Dr. Valois

9. First Prize

10. Bazazzo

11. Granada

12. Aalasmeer Gold

13. Happiness

14. Brandy

15. John F. Kennedy (John F. Kennedy)

16. Dresden

17. Miehele Meilland

18. Miss Harp

19. Montezuma

20. Memorium

21. Mister Lincoln

22. Kiss of Fire

23. Peter Franken Field

24. Lady X

25. Papa Meilland

26. Landora

27. Paradise

28. Lancome

29. Soina Meilland

30. Laura

31. Super Star

32. Illona

33. Summer Sunrise

34. Jadis

35. Violaine

36. Paradise

(B) Floribunda-

1. Charleston

2. Africa Star

3. Else poulson

4. All Gold

5. Elizabeth of Glamis

6. Bridal Pink

7. First Edition

8. Charisma

9. Ice Berg

10. Australian Gold

11. Junior Miss

13. Pink Perfait

14. French Lace

15. Queen Elizabeth

16. Gala

17. Roman Holi day

18. Golden Times

19. Sea pearl

20. Arthur Bell

21. Shocking Blue

22. Heat Wave

23. Summer Snow

24. King Arthur

25. Tiki

26. Marina

27. Violet Carson

28. Saratoga

29. Zambra

30. Sea Pearl

31. Zorina

32. Simplicity

34. Sonora

35. Arnold Grensitt

36. Summer Snow

37. Bellamy

38. Orange Silk

39. Benovolence

40. Roman Holiday

41. Berolina

42. Goldi Locks

43. Charlis Gold

44. Independence

45. Dialy Express

46. Jimny Cricket

47. Delicia

48. Judy Garland

49. Dr. Dick Dick )

50. Little Darling

51. Jema

52. Moulin Rouge

53. Lovely Lady

54. Mercedes

55. Morning Sun

56. White Masterpiece

Rose Planting Guide

(2) American Varieties

1. Floribunda

2. Climbing rose

3. Bournbon rose

4. Species rose

5. Alba rose

6. Don juan

7. Cabbage rose

8. French rose

9. Hybrid Tea

10. Grandiflora rose

11. Love rose

12. Autumn Damask rose

13. Cherry parfait

14. Lyda rose

15. Rosa ‘Double Delight’

16. Julia child

17. Shrub rose

18. Secret rose

19. Modern rose

20. Rosa

21. Queene Elizabeth

22. Classy rose

23. Mr Lincoln red rose

24. Rosa ‘Duftwolke’

25. English rose

(3) Indian Varieties

Horticulture Division was established in 1965 at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Delhi. More than 2000 varieties of roses were collected from America, England, France, West Germany. Thus, rose breeding work was started in 1970 under the guidance of Dr. B.P. Pal, as a result of which more than 100 varieties have been developed. Apart from this, more than 300 varieties were also developed by rose breeders, hobbyists and nurserymen. The name of Dr. B.P. Pal is especially noteworthy among the varieties developed in India. The names of the varieties developed by him are given below-

Latest Varieties

(A) Hybrid Tea Varieties

1. Anurag

2. Abhisarika

3. Arjun

4. Akash Sundari

5. Bhim

6. Apsara

7. Chitwan

8. Arjun

9. Dr. B. P. Pal

10. Ganga

11. Pusa Sonia

12. Jawahar

13. Raj Kumari

14. Rangshala

15. Surabhi

16. Vasant

17. Mridula (Mridula)

18. Mrinali

19. Swagatam

20. Rakta gandha

(B) Floribunda Varieties

1. Banjaran

2. Arunima

3. Chandrima

4. Himangni

5. Evergreen

6. Loree

7. Mohini

8. Neelambri

9. Prema

10. Rupali

11. Shabnam

12. Sindoor

13. Suchitra

14. Surya Kiran

Beginner Rose Gardening

Rose Varieties Developed by Rose Breeders, Amateurs & Nurserymen

(1) Hybrid Teas

1. Akash sundary

2. Apsara

3. Blue Delight

4. Diva Swapna

5. Dr. Homi Bhabha Homi Bhabhi)

6. Haseena

7. Indian Princess

8. Pahari Dhun

9. Purnima

10. Priyatma

11. President Radhakrishnan

12. Raja Ram Mohan Roy

13. Raja Surendra Singh of Nalagarh

14. Rajhans

15. Rampa Pal

16. Srinivas

17. Sugandha

18. Tata Centenary

(2) Floribunda

1. Akash Nartki

2. Banjaran (Harrah)

3. Bhagmati

4. Chitchor

5. Delhi Princess

6. Madhura

7. Priya

8. Suryakiran

(3) Polyantha

1. Anjani

2. Nartaki

3. Pink Showers

4. Priti

5. Rashmi

6. Rishi Bankim

7. Swati

(4) Miniatures-

1. Chandrika

2. Dark Beauty

3. Delhi Starlet

4. Flower art (Pushpkala)

Other Varieties

IIHR-200-1 – It has pointed buds, red flowers and sweet fragrance.

IIHR-407 – It has deep pink flowers and good durable quality. Dr. G.S. Randhawa, Dil Ko Rani, Surya Kiran.

Noor Jahan – This variety has been developed by Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow. This variety gives 30-35 quintals of yield per hectare, oil content is 0.03 to 0.035 percent, it is a suitable variety for Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi.

Suitable varieties of cut flowers

Super Star

Montezuma

Happiness

Ilona

Sonia

Pasadena

Gladiator

Queen Elizabeth

Grand gala

Paero

Starlite

Pretty woman

Halo

Mirandas

Ambassador

Latest varieties

Pusa Gaurav, Pusa Bahadur, Pusa Priya, Pusa Barahsaami, Pusa Veerangna, Pusa Pitambar,

Pusa Garima and Dr. Bharat Ram.

Rose Planting

planting Tips for Roses

Selection of Site - Selection of site is a very important task for successful production of roses. While selecting a place, it is essential to keep the following points in mind-

1. Choose a place where there is sufficient sunlight, because roses require sufficient sunlight. For growing roses in a private garden, the place towards the east of the bungalow is considered the best.

2. Never select a place for growing roses where there is shade for a long time. What is meant to say is that roses should not be grown near a house or a big tree because in such places the roots of the rose do not develop properly and the plants grow. The plants get fungal diseases. The flowers are also small in size and less attractive.

3. Rose does not like excess moisture or water. Therefore, a place should be selected for growing roses where water does not stagnate.

4. It is essential to make proper arrangements to stop strong winds around the place selected for roses, so that strong winds do not harm the plants. 5. If there is a fence on the side of the rose garden, then plant the plants at such a distance from the fence that the shadow of the fence does not fall on the plants.

Beds of Rose & Their Designs

Planting roses in an attractive manner is an art for which various types of designs are used. The beauty of a particular place can be enhanced by growing them in different designs.

Soil - Rose cultivation is done in the land of any garden having proper drainage. Generally loamy, clay loamy soil is considered the best for rose cultivation. Rose plants and flowers grow properly in such soil. Soil with 6 to 7 pH value is suitable for rose cultivation. There should not be a hard layer under the soil otherwise the growth of the plants will be adversely affected. The land whose water level is high is unsuitable for rose cultivation.

Preparation of beds – Before planting rose plants, a specific type of beds should be made according to irrigation facilities. Grow only roses in these beds. Growing other flowering plants in rose beds adversely affects the beauty of rose flowers. If you wish to grow roses along with other flowers, then in that case, plant them only below standard rose plants. 'Pansy' and 'Viola' have been found to be best for fulfilling this purpose.

In the month of May-June, dig the land well and leave it open for 8-10 days, so that the insects, fungus, weeds etc. present in the soil die. While digging 75-80 cm deep, keep putting the dug soil in the adjacent empty beds and put sufficient amount of cow dung manure or compost in the lower soil of the beds, mix it well and fill the bed. After that, dig 50-90 cm deep soil. diameter and 60-75 cm pits are dug. The distance between rows is kept 60 cm and the distance between plants is also kept 60 cm. But these distances can be less or more according to the varieties of roses. The denser varieties like Golden Giant, Super Star, First Prize and Queen Elizabeth are planted at a greater distance than other varieties. The distance between the varieties of Polynya group is kept 45 cm, while this distance is kept 35 cm for the miniature group. The distance between the climbing roses varieties is kept 3 meters. In case of growing commercial varieties for cut flowers, planting at a distance of 60 x 30 cm has been found to be best. By planting with this method, 41,760 plants can be grown in one hectare, which is 100% more than the plants planted at 60 x distance and gives 60% more flowers.

Proper time of transplanting - Timely transplanting of rose plants is a very necessary and important task. In most of the areas of India, the best time for transplanting roses is September-October. In the hilly areas, it is transplanted in October-November or February-March. After transplanting the plants, press the soil well with hands and give sufficient amount of water.

Propagation of roses

The following methods are adopted for the propagation of roses-

1. By seeds

2. By cuttings

3. By layering

4. By grafting

5. By division or separation

6. By budding 

1. By seeds - This method is used for propagation of roses for growing them as a fence or root stock. It takes more time to prepare the plants by this method. Hence, this method is used in very less quantity. This method is used for the development of new varieties of roses.

2. By Cutting - This method is specially used for propagating roses to prepare root stock. Root stock is prepared from local roses by this method. Some vigorous roses, climbing or creeping roses and roses of polyantha group can be propagated well by this method. By this method, the plant is ready sooner as compared to seeds.

3. By Layering - This method can be easily used to increase the number of climbing or creeping roses. To make the branches root quickly, they are treated with hormones. Usually, I.B.A. and naphthalene acetic acid (N.A.A.) are used for this purpose.

4. By grafting - This method is difficult and more expensive as compared to other propagation methods of rose. Secondly, a large amount of scion is required.

5. By division or Separation - In the rainy season, soil is piled up to some height around the plant. After some time, some plants come out around the plant, when they grow up, they are picked up along with the soil and planted in already prepared pits and they are given adequate amount of water.

6. By budding - This method of propagation of rose is a commercial method. It is used in the plains and mountainous regions of North India and in Southern India, specially in Karnataka. In this method, the following varieties are used as root stock.

- Desi Rose (Edward Rose)

- Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)

- Brier

(A) Australian Brier (Rosa lutea)

(B) Sweet Brier (Rosa rubigenous)

In Israel, "Rosa indica" is used for breeding of roses.

Shield budding - Worm budding method is used for propagation of roses. In the nursery, the root stock is cut into 2.5 cm. Plants are planted at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other and the plants are trained in such a way that no branches or thorns are allowed to remain on them up to a height of 30 cm. When the plants grow big enough, a good and healthy bud is taken out from the scion with a shield shaped knife. The length of the bud should be 20-2.5 cm. The hard wood inside the bud is removed with the help of the tip of the knife. Keep in mind that the cambium is not damaged in any way. A T-shaped incision is made on the root stock at a height of about 22 cm from the ground and the bud is carefully placed. Keep in mind that the bud should be facing upwards. If the bud is planted upside down, no branches will come out of it. After planting the bud properly, it is tied with a thin strip of banana fibre or polythene. After about a month, budding is successful. Then the root stock is bent downwards from a little above the budding point. When new shoots sprout from the budding, the upper part of the root stock is cut with a sharp knife. Later, many branches emerge from the top or base of the root stock, which keep using moisture and nutrients from the soil. So keep cutting them from time to time. This method gives about 90 percent success, which is the highest compared to other propagation methods.

Manuring - It is very important to provide adequate nutrients to rose plants. If more manure is given to rose plants, then it leads to more vegetative growth and fewer flowers bloom on those plants. If less nutrients are given to them, then they do not grow properly and do not look beautiful either.

So, adding manure and fertilizers to roses in the right amount and at the right time is a sensible task. Manure should always be applied before new growth and after pruning. Cowdung manure or compost should be added and mixed with the soil. 

If cow dung manure or compost manure is not available, then in that case the following fertilizer mixture is suitable-

Groundnut cake                   - 5 kg

Bone meal                            - 5 kg

Ammonium phosphate        - 2 kg

Ammonium sulphate           - 1 kg

Single super phosphate        - 2 kg

Potassium sulphate - 1 kg

50-100 grams of the above mixture should be added to each plant and mixed in the soil. For flowers to get a good and big size, add super phosphate when buds start emerging. Along with this, adding a small amount of bone meal is also beneficial. The Royal National Rose Society of England has recommended that the following fertilizer mixture be given to roses in Bangalore at the rate of 100 grams per plant-

Nitrate of potash                       - 6 parts

Sulphate of ammonia               - 2 parts

Super phosphate of calcium     - 16 parts

Sulphate of potassium               - 8 parts

Sulphate of magnesium            - 2 parts

Sulphate of iron                        - 1/2 part

In the area where roses are grown, manure made from horse dung is mixed with an equal amount of red soil and given 15-20 days before pruning and a little bone meal should also be added. Then it should be mixed well in the soil. Some people give sesame cake in liquid form when buds appear in the flowers.

Experts have recommended giving 60 grams of nitrogen, 10 grams of phosphorus and 20 grams of potassium fertilizer for “Super Star” and “Montezuma”.

Foliar application - The nutrients required for roses can also be given through leaves, but one should not completely depend on this method. This method is very useful for less fertile soil. This fertilizer is quickly absorbed by the plants and its effect is immediate.

Urea                                    - 30 grams

Ammonium phosphate        - 30 grams

Potassium phosphate          - 30 grams

30 grams of the above mixture should be dissolved in 10 liters of water and then sprayed on the leaves. This process can be repeated every week. But spraying of nutrients will be beneficial only when some leaves have emerged. Do not spray on the leaves when the flowers on the plant are in full bloom.

Spraying of micronutrients

If symptoms of magnesium, iron and boron deficiency are seen in rose plants, then in that case, a mixture of the following fertilizers should be prepared and 7 grams should be dissolved in 5 liters of water and sprayed after every three months-

Magnesium sulphate - 7 grams

Ferrous sulphate - 7 grams

Borax - 3.5 grams

Irrigation - Regular irrigation is a very important task to get more yield of roses, to which rose growers usually do not pay enough attention. The purpose of irrigating roses is not to wet the soil, but to moisten it. Rose plants should be irrigated daily in summer and every month in autumn. Generally, irrigation is not required in rainy season. If there is no rain for a long time, then in that situation keep irrigating as per requirement. When the plants are pruned, irrigation should be stopped at that time to give the plants rest, so that they can grow properly.

Weed Control - Many weeds grow along with rose plants, which keep taking moisture and nutrients from the soil, which adversely affects both the growth and development of rose plants. When weeds grow in the beds, weeding should be done to control them. Prevention will not only destroy the weeds, but will also provide air circulation in the soil. Weeding is required 5-6 times and hoeing twice a year.

Pruning - To get good and more flowers from rose plants and to keep them healthy and in beautiful shape, it is necessary that they are pruned properly and on time. Pruning is a very important part of rose cultivation, but very few people understand it properly. Most of the local rose growers completely ignore it and due to this negligence, there is a huge decrease in the production of flowers. If the plants are not pruned, they grow too big and produce poor quality and small flowers.

Aims – Pruning of large rose plants is done for the following purposes –

(1) For balanced growth of bushes.

(2) To make the plants stronger.

(3) To give artificial rest to the plants.

(4) To get beautiful, large and timely flowers.

(5) To get more yield.

General Rules of Pruning in Rose

1. Dry or decayed branches or their upper dry parts should be cut.

2. Diseased or insect affected branches should be cut.

3. Dense and weak branches should be cut. 

4. If branches are coming out from any part of the root stock, they should be cut.

5. Branches should always be cut 5 mm above the healthy bud at a 45° angle with the help of a sharp knife.

6. Copper-based fungicide should be applied on the cut part.

7. After pruning, 5 kg of cow dung manure, 100 grams of nitrogen, 100 grams of phosphorus and 70 grams of potash fertilizer should be added per plant.

Time of Pruning - Pruning of roses depends on the climate and rose varieties, which is mentioned below-

In areas with the climate of North India, pruning of roses once a year is sufficient. The best time for pruning in these areas is "First fortnight of October". It has been proved by experiments that if rose plants are pruned by mid-October, the number of flowers is more and the growth and spread of the plants is also more.

In areas where the climate is a little mild, for example the climate of Bangalore (Karnataka), rose plants are pruned twice a year. The first pruning is done in December and the second in July, which gives flowers in February and August respectively.

Hybrid Tea roses are pruned 42 days before flowering. Whereas Floribunda roses are pruned 45 days before flowering. Immediately after pruning the plants, 15 cm deep digging should be done around them.

Pruning tools - Tools are required for pruning rose plants. Rose growers should know about these. Mainly two tools are used for pruning roses. One is secateurs and the other is pruning knife. Both these tools should be sharp so that pruning can be done quickly and cleanly.

How much pruning should be done?

How much pruning should be done for roses? This is an important question. Roses should be pruned neither too much nor too less, but in a moderate manner. Generally, pruning is not done in new plants, only the tops of the plants are broken while planting. Proper pruning of roses is a technical work. Indian flower growers do not pay enough attention to this, due to which they do not get beautiful, large and regular flowers. Some rose growers do pruning, but neither do it at the right time nor in the right way, which has an adverse effect on the yield.

There are mainly two species of roses -

(A) Shrub rose

(B) Creeper rose.

(A) Shrub rose - Shrub roses grow to about 1.5 meters in height when fully grown. They are classified into 9 subspecies according to the tendency to flower. 1. Hybrid Tea 2. Floribunda 3. Polyantha 4. Hybrid 5. Perpetual 6. Shrub Rose 7. Old Fashioned Rose 8. Tree Rose 9. Dwarf Rose. Rambler varieties flower only once a year on one year old branches.

(B) Creeper Rose - Creeper rose is grown to make arches or pandals and to prevent soil erosion.

Roses are pruned according to their variety, so before pruning it is necessary to know what type of rose you have. After this it is necessary to decide whether you want big and good quality flowers or more and small flowers. Because pruning of rose depends on these. Generally, heavy pruning is done in shrub roses, whereas light pruning of creeper roses is done after flowering stops. In order to get good flowers, pruning is done in shrub plants every year before flowering, whereas light pruning of creeper roses is done every 2-3 years.

Due to the peculiarities of different parts of roses, some things have to be kept in mind while pruning, which are necessary to mention here.

Hybrid Perpetuals – After flowering ends, the long branches should be cut and made short, so that the plants can grow vigorously in the next season.

After planting the saplings, after the first year's growth is completed, only 3 main branches should be left. Later, the number of branches on the plant can be increased every year.

Teas - Plants of this class require less pruning as compared to roses of Hybrid Perpetual class.

Pruning of roses - All healthy and strong branches are left on the plant. After flowering, the length of the branches can be reduced by 1/3.

Hybrid Teas - The suitable time for pruning in plain areas is the first fortnight of October. Tests have shown that pruning at the end of October instead of mid-October reduces the height, spread and number of flowers of the plants by 12.7%, 0.40% and 10.2% respectively, whereas this reduction increases by 19.1%, 12.9% and 26.6% respectively by pruning in November.

In mountainous regions pruning is done at the end of March, when the buds on the stems start to swell. Cutting the branches by 10-20 cm gives better and more flowers.

Polyantha - Heavy pruning is never done in this class of plants.

Only light pruning of dry, old, weak or very dense branches is sufficient.

Floribundas -

(1) The ends of dry, dead branches or branches are cut off.

(2) Only old branches are cut from their base, so that new branches can come out.

(3) If it is grown for hedge, then in that case their upper ends should be cut evenly up to a certain height.

Varieties grown for cut flowers; For example, pruning is of special importance for increasing the production of Super Star, Happiness and Queen Elizabeth. Pruning of these varieties should be done by 8th October. These varieties need lower pruning, i.e. pruning should be done at a height of 10 cm from the bud joint. Pruning after 18th October delays flowering. Also, there is a huge reduction in the yield. For getting flowers throughout the winter, pruning should be done at an interval of one week from 23rd September to 16th October.

After pruning, an ointment containing copper-based fungicide, such as Blightox 500 gm + Lime 250 gm + Diazinon 5 ml + 5 litres of water, must be applied on the cut parts, so that the plants can be saved from a dangerous disease called 'Die Back'.

After rodent infestation, it is best to spray some effective insecticide and fungicide.

When to do heavy pruning? – When to do heavy pruning of rose plants? This is a very important question. Rose pruning is done in special circumstances like for participating in exhibitions or for producing flowers for export. Otherwise, heavy pruning has an adverse effect on the life of the plant.

Disbudding – Almost all hybrid varieties of roses produce buds in bunches. If all these buds are left for flower production, then in that case the size of the flowers will remain small. Therefore, except the bud in the middle of the bunch, all other buds should be plucked. By doing this, that bud will emerge as a big and attractive flower.

Wintering – “Wintering” is very important to keep the rose plants healthy and to get big and more number of flowers, to which Indian rose producers do not pay attention. In this process, water is stopped for 10-15 days depending on the health of the plants and the intensity of sunlight, the purpose of which is to make the weak branches healthy. After this, the soil is removed from around the plants up to a depth of 15-20 cm and the plants are left open for 2-3 days, so that the leaves turn yellow and fall on the ground. After this, a mixture of soil and manure is filled and irrigation is done. When the sap starts flowing properly in the plant, the branches are pruned. In this way the plant gets complete relief.

Plant Protection Measures

Many types of insects and diseases harm the rose, so proper plant protection measures should be adopted to prevent them -

Aphid - Three types of aphids cause a lot of damage especially in January and February. These are small creatures of blackish green color. Both their larvae and adults gather in groups on the soft shoots, buds and flowers of the plants and keep sucking the juice from the cells, as a result of which the soft leaves start falling. The beauty of flowers is destroyed. 1

Prevention - (Spray 0.5% endosulfan or 0.3% dimethoate on the plants. Apart from this, spray 0.1% solution of Vasudine or Malathion 2-3 times at an interval of 8-10 days.

Rose Planting Tips for Beginners

Scale insect - This insect causes a lot of damage to roses. These red and brown scale insects cover the soft stems and make them ugly by sucking the juice of the plants. In case of severe infestation, the plants dry up. They attack its pulpy parts. Mostly they take a severe form in March-April or September to October-November.

Prevention -

1. Cut and separate the affected branches and leaves and then burn them and destroy them.

2. If possible, they should be destroyed by scraping.

3. 0.1% Rogar Parathion or Metacid - 50 should be sprayed.

Thrips - Four types of thrips harm rose flowers. Adults are black and brown in colour and nymphs are red in colour. They appear on the lower surface of leaves from March to November and slowly lick and destroy the tissues, causing wounds in the cells. They suck the juice that comes out of these wounds. Due to this insect attack, leaves, buds and petals shrink and fall.

Prevention - 0.1% lindane or 0.2% DDT should be sprayed every week.

Rose chaffer - These insects mostly eat rose leaves at night and hide in the nearby grass during the day. Their attack mostly occurs in July-August.

Prevention - (1) Its attack can be prevented by putting thimet-10 G in the soil at the rate of 2 grams per square meter. (2) Spray 0.1% Rogor or 0.2% Malathion.

Die back - After pruning in rose plants, this disease starts from the tips and spreads downwards, due to which the stems of the plants turn black and die. This disease starts after the rains and lasts till the end of December.

Prevention - After pruning, it is appropriate to apply Chaubatia paste (4 parts copper carbonate, 4 parts red lead, 5 parts linseed oil and a small amount of DDT). Spray fungicide after pruning.

Powdery Mildew - This disease occurs due to sudden change in weather. White powder is seen spread on the leaves and stems.

Prevention - 0.5 ml Karathane or Bavistin should be dissolved in 1 liter of water and sprayed.

It is also best to spray difenoconazole and hexaconazole at the rate of 0.05%.