Landscaping ideas

Landscaping ideas

                                                                 

When different types of plants are planted in a decorative manner to make a place beautiful, attractive and captivating so that the landscape of that place looks beautiful, attractive and captivating, this is called Landscaping.

                                                           or

 Trees, plants, flowers, shrubs and grass are planted outside or behind a house and around it, which brings greenery around the house, this is called Landscaping.

 Greenery gives a feeling of joy to all children, elders, youth, women, men and everyone gets peace and stress is reduced.

 Landscape, gardening is a great way to make the outer space of your house positive, beautiful, more functional and attractive.

 If there is greenery in a house or bungalow, then the beauty of that house is enhanced and the value of your property also increases.

 

While doing landscaping, we should pay attention to the following aspects: -

 1. Selection of place for landscaping - 

 The place chosen for Landscaping should be slightly higher than the general ground level so that the surrounding water does not collect.

 Soil - For Landscaping, the land should have the following characteristics : -

 (1) The land should be fertile i.e. the amount of organic matter and nutrients should be sufficient.

 (2) The land should be flat.

 (3) The land should be free from pebbles and stones.

 (4) The land should be free from weeds. Sandy loam and loamy soil is best for the growth of plants. Sandy or very clayey soil is not suitable.

 (5) The lower layers of the land should not be hard.

 (6) There should be proper drainage system.

 

                                                                                  Garden Landscaping-Landscaping

 2. Layout of the land -

 First of all, the layout of the place where Landscaping is to be done is prepared. Like, how much space is to be planted with lawn and at what distance, at which places, which plants are to be planted, like how many ornamental trees are to be planted, how many shrubs are to be planted, how many shade trees are to be planted, and how much space is to be left for the road etc. is layout.

 3. Land preparation -

 For Landscaping, 45 to 60 cm deep digging should be done in the summer season i.e. April-May at the selected place, then weeds and bacteria are destroyed by leaving it open in bright sunlight for 7 to 10 days. After that, the lumps of soil should be broken. Also, pebbles and stones should be picked and thrown out and the land should be leveled.

 4. Selection of Plants -

Large Size Trees :-

 Colvillea racemosa

 Ficus retusa                                                        

 Landscaping ideas

 Bombax malabaricum

 Ficus infectoria

 Saraca asoca

 Polyalthiya longifolia

 Ficus benghalensis

 Azadirachta indica

 

Medium Size Trees :-

 Bauhinia purpurea                                            

 Landscaping ideas

 Cassia javanica

 Cedredella toona

 Delonix regia

 Erythrina indica

 Peltophorum pterocarpum

 Cassia renigera

 Cassia Siamea

 Small Size Trees :-

 Alstonia Scholaris

 Bauhinia variegata

 Cassia nodosa

 Jacaranda mimosifolia

 Thuja compacta

 Plumeria alba

 

For Beautiful Leaves :-

 Callistemon lanceolatus

 Putranjiva roxburghii

 Thespesia populnea

 Eucalyptus species

 Alstonia scholaris

 Casuarina equisetifolia

 

To plant as specimen:-

 Aegle marmelos

 Grevillea robusta

 Bombax malabaricum

 Araucariya species

 Callistemon lanceolatus

 Polyalthiya longifolia

 Ficus religiosa

 Thuja compacta

 Plumeria rubra

 Spathodea campanulata

 

                                                                                                      Garden Landscaping

5. Shrubs -

 

Shrubs are a permanent part of any garden which enhances the beauty of the surrounding environment. Planting them near the wall of the garden makes the garden come alive. Planting shrubs makes even a remote place look beautiful.

 Shrubs are 2 to 4 meters in height, woody, semi-woody and herbaceous and permanent in nature. They have colorful flowers or beautiful leaves.

                    

 High altitude shrubs -

 Hibiscus rosa -sinensis

 Duranta plumieri

 Poinciana pulcherrima

 Tecoma stans                                                       

Murraya exotica

 Hamelia patens

 Thevetia nerifolia

 Lagerstroemia indica

 Lantana camara                                                          

                                                

Medium altitude shrubs -

 Acalypha species

 Jasminum sambac                                                 

Landscaping ideas

Rosa species                                                  

 Cestrum diurnum

 Cestrum nocturnum

 Calliandra Hybrida

 Croton species

 Acacia biflora

 Hiptage benghalensis

 Low altitude shrubs -

 Crotalaria

 Russelia floribunda

 Pedilanthus sp.

 Lantana sellowiana

 Eranthemum sp.

 Vining shrubs -

 Bougainvillea species

 Tecoma capensis Jasminum

 Jasminum grandiflorum

 

6. Climbers -

 Climbers are a group of plants whose stem is weak but they have so much ability that they climb up with the support of someone. To climb up, some special parts like roots, tendrils or thorns are used. Apart from this, there are some vines which do not need any special part, rather they grow by wrapping, they are called twiners. There are also some which cannot climb up but spread downwards, which are called creepers. Vines are also climbed on Arches, pergolas, pillars, walls, big trees and houses, which increases the beauty of that house or place and also provides shade.

 

Care of Climbers - After planting the vine, they should be watered in sufficient quantity. Water should be given at an interval of 4 to 5 days in summer and 12 to 15 days in winter. Weeds must be removed 3 to 4 times a year so that there is good growth. Weeding should be done after every 3 to 4 irrigations so that air and sunlight can reach inside the soil and the vines can grow well and flower.

 

Creepers with leaves -

 

Money plant                                                         

Landscaping ideas

Monstera

Landscaping ideas

Asparagus

 Potato creeper

 

Creepers with beautiful flowers -

 Bougainvillea

 Passiflora                                                       

Landscaping ideas

Clerodendron

 Bignonias

 

Creepers with fragrant flowers -

 

Jasmine

 Passiflora

 Combretum indica

 Creepers for shady places -

 Ipomoea cairica

 Clerodendron

 Ipomea

 Asparagus

 Potato creeper

 

Creepers for pots -

 

Bougainvillea

 Clitoria

 Asparagus

 Golden pothos

 Creepers as hedges -

 Bougainvillea

 Rosa species                                         

 Clerodendron

 

7. Hedges -

 When bushes are planted along the edge of a house or farm for beauty or utility, it is called a hedge. Fences can be planted for both beauty and security. Fences are used in gardening, to demarcate land property, to create cover and beautiful shapes. It is used as a wall in the garden, near tennis courts, outside buildings, near vegetable gardens, to hide a place.

                                                

                        

Flowering Hedges -

 

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Bauhinia variegata

 Tecoma stans

 Murraya paniculata

 Lantana camara

 Jasminum sambac

 Tabernaemontana coronaria

 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

 

8. Digging pits and planting trees -

 
The distance between trees is kept according to their height. Plants of high height are planted at a distance of 10 to 12 meters, medium height plants at 8 meters and small height plants at a distance of 1 to 2 meters, for which a pit of 1 cubic meter is dug. The soil taken out from these pits contains one part of rotten cow dung, 1 part of leaf manure and 1 part of clay soil. Also, 50-75 grams of Methyl parathion is added to it and then filled again.

 Plants should be planted in July-August and February-March. Plants are planted in the middle of the pits prepared as per the need. After planting the plant, light irrigation should be done.

 

9. Planting lawn during Landscaping -

 We can call greenery as natural green carpet or lawn. It is the most important part of formal style garden. Any garden is incomplete without greenery. If there is greenery in a house or bungalow, then the beauty of that house is enhanced.

 In today's mechanical everyday life, it relieves our stress and keeps us enthusiastic when we come home. Nowadays, weddings, engagement parties, social work, physical exercise etc. are also organized in lawns.

 Selection of place for greenery - The place where greenery is to be planted should get full sunlight and there should not be the shadow of any tree or tall building. There should be good drainage system at that place and water should not stagnate otherwise acidity increases in the soil and various types of diseases and pests attack it. There should not be any irrigation canal near the greenery otherwise water will leak and greenery will be damaged.

 Soil - Generally, Cynodon dectylon grass can be planted in any type of soil, but for good greenery, loamy soil with good fertility, good organic matter, good drainage and good water retention capacity is suitable. The PH value of the soil is between 5.5 to 6.0. If the PH of the soil is low, then mix half a kilogram of chalk or lime in one square meter of sandy soil area.

 Choice of grass - Such grass should be chosen which grows fast, looks beautiful, is soft and is resistant to cold, insects and diseases. The easiest grass to grow is Cynodon dactylon. For shady areas, Hederal helix, Binca minor grass is suitable. Apart from this, nowadays Zoysia japonica grass is also planted which gives a feel like turf. But it is suitable only for small areas. Apart from this Zoysia matrella grass and Zoysia tenuifolia grass can also be planted.

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 10. Land Preparation - 

In the summer season i.e. April-May, 45 to 60 cm deep digging should be done with a shovel at the place selected for lawn and plants. Then it should be left in the open sun for 7 to 10 days to kill weeds and bacteria. After that, the lumps of soil should be broken. Also, pebbles and stones should be picked out and thrown out and the land should be leveled by using a plough. Square or rectangular beds should be made in the prepared land and 10 cm high ridges should be made around each bed and filled with water so that the seeds of other weeds present in the land germinate. After sufficient growth, they should be destroyed. This work should be done 3 to 4 times. Finally, 200 to 250 quintals / hectare of cow dung manure should be mixed in the land and the land should be leveled.

 The work of leveling should be done only by an experienced person. Also, a slope of 2 to 3 cm should be given in the soil after every 50 meters, which can help in drainage when excess water accumulates. Most importantly, care should be taken to remove Cyperus rotundus weed as soon as it is seen and not allow it to grow. For good growth of lawn and plants, 500 to 700 kg single super phosphate should be mixed in the soil at a depth of 8 to 12 cm per hectare.

 11. Irrigation facility - 

The plants planted in Landscaping require regular irrigation throughout the year i.e. during rainy season due to lack of rain and also on other days. As soon as there is shortage of water, the plants start wilting, hence there should be permanent facility for irrigation nearby. The water available for irrigation should be suitable for irrigation. 

12. Irrigation -

 Water is very important for plants. The essential nutrients available to plants are available to them in the form of a solution made in water. Therefore, it is necessary for plants to have water in the right quantity at the right time. Apart from this, in summers, when the temperature is high and the sun is strong, water also protects the plants by coming out of the leaves of the plants through transpiration. Thus, water is very important for the successful functioning of the life activities of the plant.

 Irrigation is a means of fulfilling the water related needs of the plants at the right time and in the right quantity. The amount of water required by the plants is affected by many factors like weather, land, size of the plant, agricultural activities, stage of growth and use of fertilizers.

 The method of irrigation depends on how much water the plants need. The details of some of the main methods of irrigation in ornamental gardens are as follows:-

 

 (Ⅰ) Irrigation of plants -After planting ornamental plants and seasonal flowers, irrigation should be done properly. Nutrients and pesticides can also be given to plants along with irrigation water.

 (Ⅱ)Irrigation in pots -The amount of irrigation in pots depends on its size and the plants planted in it. Usually water is given to pots through a sprinkler or pipe. If the size of the pot is big and the plant is also big, then 10-15 liters of water should be given at an interval of 4-5 days. It is good to water ornamental and seasonal flower plants in the morning and evening at an interval of 24 hours! Irrigation is done by placing the pots of domestic plants and succulent plants in a pan or trough filled with water. Plants requiring more water should be watered daily. Nutrients and pesticides can also be given by mixing them with water in pots.

 (Ⅲ)Irrigation in Lawn - Its irrigation depends on the size of the greenery. If the size is small, then it is done by sprinkling, if it is medium, then it is done by using a pipe and if it is large, then it is done by a fountain. In greenery, irrigation should be done at an interval of 2-3 days to 15-20 days according to the weather.

 

13. Arrangement of water drainage -

 Plants get affected by damping off disease due to excess moisture. Due to excess moisture in the soil, plants get affected by other virus-borne diseases and harmful insects. Apart from this, air circulation in the soil decreases due to excess moisture and soil temperature also falls. Due to which health can deteriorate. Therefore, there should be proper arrangement of water drainage.

 

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 14. Facility of organic fertilizer -

 Balanced nutrients are required for the growth of plants. Plants get nutrients in balanced quantity from various organic fertilizers only. Therefore, sufficient amount of organic fertilizer should be available to the plants.

 

15. Manure and Fertilizer -

 Like other animals, plants also require nutrients for growth and production. The lack of these nutrients has a direct effect on the growth and yield of the plant. Any substance that is added to the soil to increase the fertility of the soil is placed in the category of manure and fertilizer.

 

Plant nutrients can be divided into three parts -

 1. Main elements, which are required by plants in large quantities, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

 2. Secondary elements, which are required by plants in medium quantities, such as calcium, magnesium, Sulphur.

 3. Micro elements, which are required by plants in small quantities, such as copper, zinc, iron, chlorine, manganese and molybdenum.

 

Classification of Manure and Fertilizer:-

 1. Manure:- Organic or natural manure is made up of animal excreta, organic matter and rotten organic matter. It includes cow dung manure (FY.M), compost manure, vermicompost (earthworm manure) and other types of organic manures.

2 Fertilizers: - These are called chemical manure or artificial manure or fertilizers. This type of fertilizers are available naturally as well as are prepared artificially.

 

Mainly fertilizers are of the following three types: -

 

(1) Nitrogen fertilizers - These are helpful in the growth of green parts of the plant. Such as - Urea (46% nitrogen), ammonium nitrate (30-35% nitrogen), calcium ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate (20% nitrogen).

 (2) Phosphorus fertilizers - This fertilizer is used by plants in the development of roots and flowers, to increase disease resistance and in the formation of tubers. Such as - Single Super Phosphate (15% phosphorus) and Di Ammonium Phosphate (46% phosphorus).

 (3) Potash fertilizers - Necessary for the growth of underground crops. Such as potassium sulphate (50% potash), muriate of potash (60% potash).

 

When there is a deficiency of major nutrients in plants, the following symptoms are usually seen:-

 

 

Element deficiency                                      Symptoms

 

Nitrogen -                       Yellowing of leaves, slow growth and small stems and leaves.                                                                                                                                         

 

Phosphorus -                  Weak stem of plants, less buds on the plant.

 

Potash -                          Small leaves and grey color of leaves instead of green.

 

Calcium -                       Dark green color of leaves and curling of leaves and                                                                   scorching of leaves in case of excess.                                                                             

                                                                                                                                      Methods of giving manure and fertilizer - Manure fertilizer is used carefully in ornamental plants, shrubs, trees and seasonal flowers. Manure fertilizer is mixed in the soil before planting the plants and is used as top dressing during the growth stage of the plants and is also dissolved in water and sprayed on the leaves. The entire quantity of manure is usually mixed well in the soil 20-25 days before sowing or planting the plants so that it rots well. Before planting the plants, one third quantity of nitrogen, complete quantity of phosphorus and potash are also mixed well in the soil. The remaining quantity of nitrogen is given later as top dressing as per the requirement of the plants. But at this time it is necessary to have sufficient moisture in the soil otherwise the plants may get damaged. Sometimes fertilizers are also sprayed on the leaves for quick nutrition of the plants.

 The use of fertilizers of different types of cakes has been considered quite beneficial for flowering plants. The oil cakes are soaked in water for a few days and then allowed to rot. Then it is filtered and the liquid obtained is mixed with water and used as manure. Oil cake manure is considered very good for chrysanthemum, rose and dahlia. Liquid manure should be given to flowering plants when the flower buds start appearing. The use of liquid manure of oil cake is also beneficial for plants grown in pots.

                                                                                                           Landscaping Ideas

Precautions in using manure and fertilizer -

 

1. There should be sufficient moisture in the soil while using manure and fertilizer.

 2. If the fertilizer has to be used by making a solution, then the prescribed amount of water must be there.

 3. Manure and fertilizer given in excess to the plants is harmful.

 4. While using fertilizer as top dressing, the weather should be clear and dew free.

 5. It is beneficial to have moist soil while using liquid fertilizer.

 

16. Plant Protection -

 If the plants appear yellow and weak, then a 0.1% solution of urea should be sprayed. To protect the plants from pests and diseases, a 0.1% solution of suitable insecticides like Malathion and fungicides like Dithane M-45 or Blitox 50 should be sprayed.

 

17. Hoeing and Weeding -

 The process of breaking the top layer of soil 3-10 cm from the plants with the help of a hoe or any other tool is called Hoeing. This process is very important for good growth of plants. Weeds are removed by weeding the beds after irrigation and due to proper air circulation in the soil, nutrients are easily available to the roots of the plants. Therefore, it is necessary to do weeding from time to time in the garden.

 

The following points should be kept in mind while weeding -

 

1. Weeding is done to make the soil soft after irrigation when it becomes hard.

 2. This process is done to remove weeds when they grow in large numbers during rainy season.

 3. The roots of the plants should not be damaged while weeding.

 A thin hoe should be used for this.

 4. It is beneficial to make the plants weed-free by weeding them in the initial stage itself.

 5. Fertilizers can also be used in plants along with weeding.

 6. Along with this process, earth should also be applied on the plants if required.

 7. Necessary moisture is available due to weeding and the eggs of harmful insects and small insects die.

 Along with weeding, chemicals are also used for weed control nowadays, such as Stamp, Lasso, Basalin and 2,4-D etc. Chemicals are used carefully at the right time, otherwise they can be harmful. At the time of using these weedicide chemicals, it is necessary to have sufficient moisture in the soil.

 When there is a shortage of water for the garden, mulching method is used to conserve the necessary moisture in the soil. With the use of mulching, less water is required for irrigation. Weeds grow less and plants start growing well. In special circumstances, after lightly irrigating the plants, polythene and dry leaves, grass, moss etc. are spread around the stems of the plants in a thickness of 5-10 cm as mulch.

 

 18. Pruning -

 The first pruning of plants and hedges should be done when they grow to 50 cm. At the time of first pruning, the branch should be cut leaving 20-30 cm, so that the side branches grow more, due to which the plants and hedges can become more dense and dense. If this is not done, the base part of the plants and hedges will not become dense and it will not be possible to give a definite shape to the hedges. While pruning plants and hedges, dry and diseased branches should also be cut. Secateurs, saws and knives should be used to cut hard branches, whereas hedge shears should be used in general. Pruning of plants should not be done in extreme cold or heat, but hard branches can be cut anytime.

 

 19. Pests, diseases and their prevention -

 In case of termite infestation, apply 5 kg thimet 10 G per 1000 square meters to the plants. Apart from this, Chlorpyrifos should also be given with irrigation water. In case of aphids infestation, 0.1 percent Metasystox should be sprayed. For prevention of leaf eating insects, 0.2 percent Thiodan insecticide solution should be sprayed. In case of fungal attack on leaves, 0.2 percent Dithane M-45 solution should be sprayed.

 20. Care -

Plants, hedges and your lawn should be taken care of continuously like watering from time to time, weeding, pests, diseases and their prevention, pruning etc. should be taken care of from time to time so that your trees, plants, lawn, hedge look healthy, beautiful and always remain healthy and beautiful.